Selenium

Selenoproteins for antioxidant systems and thyroid-hormone metabolism.

Swiss reference value

Switzerland age 18–65: 70 µg/day.

Good food sources

Fish, eggs, meat, whole grains and Brazil nuts; plant-food content depends strongly on soil.

When intake or status is low

Rare; severe deficiency can contribute to heart-muscle and thyroid problems and impaired immunity.

Long-term health connections

Supplements do not reliably prevent cancer or cardiovascular disease in replete people.

Skin, hair and nails

Hair and nails are more notable in selenium excess than in mild deficiency.

Who is more at risk

Low-selenium regions, dialysis, severe malabsorption or parenteral nutrition.

How to assess it

Diet and, when justified, laboratory testing; consider soil and origin differences.

Supplements: when to consider

Not routinely. Brazil nuts vary widely; use a targeted dose rather than “more is better”.

Too much and safety

Selenosis causes garlic odour, nausea, neurological symptoms, and hair and nail loss/brittleness.

International reference systems